ComponentManager.h

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/* Copyright (C) 2011 Wildfire Games.
 * This file is part of 0 A.D.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with 0 A.D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#ifndef INCLUDED_COMPONENTMANAGER
#define INCLUDED_COMPONENTMANAGER

#include "Entity.h"
#include "Components.h"
#include "scriptinterface/ScriptInterface.h"
#include "simulation2/helpers/Player.h"
#include "ps/Filesystem.h"

#include <boost/random/linear_congruential.hpp>
#include <boost/unordered_map.hpp>

#include <map>

class IComponent;
class CParamNode;
class CMessage;
class CSimContext;

class CComponentManager
{
    NONCOPYABLE(CComponentManager);
public:
    // We can't use EInterfaceId/etc directly, since scripts dynamically generate new IDs
    // and casting arbitrary ints to enums is undefined behaviour, so use 'int' typedefs
    typedef int InterfaceId;
    typedef int ComponentTypeId;
    typedef int MessageTypeId;

private:
    // Component allocation types
    typedef IComponent* (*AllocFunc)(ScriptInterface& scriptInterface, jsval ctor);
    typedef void (*DeallocFunc)(IComponent*);

    // ComponentTypes come in three types:
    //   Native: normal C++ component
    //   ScriptWrapper: C++ component that wraps a JS component implementation
    //   Script: a ScriptWrapper linked to a specific JS component implementation
    enum EComponentTypeType
    {
        CT_Native,
        CT_ScriptWrapper,
        CT_Script
    };

    // Representation of a component type, to be used when instantiating components
    struct ComponentType
    {
        EComponentTypeType type;
        InterfaceId iid;
        AllocFunc alloc;
        DeallocFunc dealloc;
        std::string name;
        std::string schema; // RelaxNG fragment
        CScriptValRooted ctor; // only valid if type == CT_Script
    };
    
    struct FindJSONFilesCallbackData {
        VfsPath path;
        std::vector<std::string> templates;
    };

public:
    CComponentManager(CSimContext&, bool skipScriptFunctions = false);
    ~CComponentManager();

    void LoadComponentTypes();

    /**
     * Load a script and execute it in a new function scope.
     * @param filename VFS path to load
     * @param hotload set to true if this script has been loaded before, and redefinitions of
     * existing components should not be considered errors
     */
    bool LoadScript(const VfsPath& filename, bool hotload = false);

    void RegisterMessageType(MessageTypeId mtid, const char* name);

    void RegisterComponentType(InterfaceId, ComponentTypeId, AllocFunc, DeallocFunc, const char*, const std::string& schema);
    void RegisterComponentTypeScriptWrapper(InterfaceId, ComponentTypeId, AllocFunc, DeallocFunc, const char*, const std::string& schema);

    /**
     * Subscribe the current component type to the given message type.
     * Each component's HandleMessage will be called on any BroadcastMessage of this message type,
     * or on any PostMessage of this type targeted at the component's entity.
     * Must only be called by a component type's ClassInit.
     */
    void SubscribeToMessageType(MessageTypeId mtid);

    /**
     * Subscribe the current component type to all messages of the given message type.
     * Each component's HandleMessage will be called on any BroadcastMessage or PostMessage of this message type,
     * regardless of the entity.
     * Must only be called by a component type's ClassInit.
     */
    void SubscribeGloballyToMessageType(MessageTypeId mtid);

    /**
     * @param cname Requested component type name (not including any "CID" or "CCmp" prefix)
     * @return The component type id, or CID__Invalid if not found
     */
    ComponentTypeId LookupCID(const std::string& cname) const;

    /**
     * @return The name of the given component type, or "" if not found
     */
    std::string LookupComponentTypeName(ComponentTypeId cid) const;

    /**
     * Set up an empty SYSTEM_ENTITY. Must be called after ResetState() and before GetSystemEntity().
     */
    void InitSystemEntity();

    /**
     * Returns a CEntityHandle with id SYSTEM_ENTITY.
     */
    CEntityHandle GetSystemEntity() { ASSERT(m_SystemEntity.GetId() == SYSTEM_ENTITY); return m_SystemEntity; }

    /**
     * Returns a CEntityHandle with id @p ent.
     * If @p allowCreate is true and there is no existing CEntityHandle, a new handle will be allocated.
     */
    CEntityHandle LookupEntityHandle(entity_id_t ent, bool allowCreate = false);

    /**
     * Returns a new entity ID that has never been used before.
     * This affects the simulation state so it must only be called in network-synchronised ways.
     */
    entity_id_t AllocateNewEntity();

    /**
     * Returns a new local entity ID that has never been used before.
     * This entity will not be synchronised over the network, stored in saved games, etc.
     */
    entity_id_t AllocateNewLocalEntity();

    /**
     * Returns a new entity ID that has never been used before.
     * If possible, returns preferredId, and ensures this ID won't be allocated again.
     * This affects the simulation state so it must only be called in network-synchronised ways.
     */
    entity_id_t AllocateNewEntity(entity_id_t preferredId);

    /**
     * Constructs a component of type 'cid', initialised with data 'paramNode',
     * and attaches it to entity 'ent'.
     *
     * @return true on success; false on failure, and logs an error message
     */
    bool AddComponent(CEntityHandle ent, ComponentTypeId cid, const CParamNode& paramNode);

    /**
     * Adds an externally-created component, so that it is returned by QueryInterface
     * but does not get destroyed and does not receive messages from the component manager.
     * (This is intended for unit tests that need to add mock objects the tested components
     * expect to exist.)
     */
    void AddMockComponent(CEntityHandle ent, InterfaceId iid, IComponent& component);

    /**
     * Allocates a component object of type 'cid', and attaches it to entity 'ent'.
     * (The component's Init is not called here - either Init or Deserialize must be called
     * before using the returned object.)
     */
    IComponent* ConstructComponent(CEntityHandle ent, ComponentTypeId cid);

    /**
     * Constructs an entity based on the given template, and adds it the world with
     * entity ID @p ent. There should not be any existing components with that entity ID.
     * @return ent, or INVALID_ENTITY on error
     */
    entity_id_t AddEntity(const std::wstring& templateName, entity_id_t ent);

    /**
     * Destroys all the components belonging to the specified entity when FlushDestroyedComponents is called.
     * Has no effect if the entity does not exist, or has already been added to the destruction queue.
     */
    void DestroyComponentsSoon(entity_id_t ent);

    /**
     * Does the actual destruction of components from DestroyComponentsSoon.
     * This must not be called if the component manager is on the call stack (since it
     * will break internal iterators).
     */
    void FlushDestroyedComponents();

    IComponent* QueryInterface(entity_id_t ent, InterfaceId iid) const;

    typedef std::vector<std::pair<entity_id_t, IComponent*> > InterfaceList;
    typedef boost::unordered_map<entity_id_t, IComponent*> InterfaceListUnordered;

    InterfaceList GetEntitiesWithInterface(InterfaceId iid) const;
    const InterfaceListUnordered& GetEntitiesWithInterfaceUnordered(InterfaceId iid) const;

    /**
     * Send a message, targeted at a particular entity. The message will be received by any
     * components of that entity which subscribed to the message type, and by any other components
     * that subscribed globally to the message type.
     */
    void PostMessage(entity_id_t ent, const CMessage& msg) const;

    /**
     * Send a message, not targeted at any particular entity. The message will be received by any
     * components that subscribed (either globally or not) to the message type.
     */
    void BroadcastMessage(const CMessage& msg) const;

    /**
     * Resets the dynamic simulation state (deletes all entities, resets entity ID counters;
     * doesn't unload/reload component scripts).
     */
    void ResetState();

    // Various state serialization functions:
    bool ComputeStateHash(std::string& outHash, bool quick);
    bool DumpDebugState(std::ostream& stream, bool includeDebugInfo);
    // FlushDestroyedComponents must be called before SerializeState (since the destruction queue
    // won't get serialized)
    bool SerializeState(std::ostream& stream);
    bool DeserializeState(std::istream& stream);

    std::string GenerateSchema();

    ScriptInterface& GetScriptInterface() { return m_ScriptInterface; }

private:
    // Implementations of functions exposed to scripts
    static void Script_RegisterComponentType(void* cbdata, int iid, std::string cname, CScriptVal ctor);
    static void Script_RegisterInterface(void* cbdata, std::string name);
    static void Script_RegisterMessageType(void* cbdata, std::string name);
    static void Script_RegisterGlobal(void* cbdata, std::string name, CScriptVal value);
    static IComponent* Script_QueryInterface(void* cbdata, int ent, int iid);
    static std::vector<int> Script_GetEntitiesWithInterface(void* cbdata, int iid);
    static std::vector<IComponent*> Script_GetComponentsWithInterface(void* cbdata, int iid);
    static void Script_PostMessage(void* cbdata, int ent, int mtid, CScriptVal data);
    static void Script_BroadcastMessage(void* cbdata, int mtid, CScriptVal data);
    static int Script_AddEntity(void* cbdata, std::string templateName);
    static int Script_AddLocalEntity(void* cbdata, std::string templateName);
    static void Script_DestroyEntity(void* cbdata, int ent);
    static CScriptVal Script_ReadJSONFile(void* cbdata, std::wstring fileName);
    static CScriptVal Script_ReadCivJSONFile(void* cbdata, std::wstring fileName);
    static std::vector<std::string> Script_FindJSONFiles(void* cbdata, std::wstring subPath, bool recursive);

    static CScriptVal ReadJSONFile(void *cbdata, std::wstring filePath, std::wstring fileName);
    
    // callback function to handle recursively finding files in a directory
    static Status FindJSONFilesCallback(const VfsPath&, const CFileInfo&, const uintptr_t);

    CMessage* ConstructMessage(int mtid, CScriptVal data);
    void SendGlobalMessage(entity_id_t ent, const CMessage& msg) const;

    ComponentTypeId GetScriptWrapper(InterfaceId iid);

    CEntityHandle AllocateEntityHandle(entity_id_t ent);

    ScriptInterface m_ScriptInterface;
    CSimContext& m_SimContext;

    CEntityHandle m_SystemEntity;

    ComponentTypeId m_CurrentComponent; // used when loading component types
    bool m_CurrentlyHotloading;

    // TODO: some of these should be vectors
    std::map<ComponentTypeId, ComponentType> m_ComponentTypesById;
    std::vector<boost::unordered_map<entity_id_t, IComponent*> > m_ComponentsByInterface; // indexed by InterfaceId
    std::map<ComponentTypeId, std::map<entity_id_t, IComponent*> > m_ComponentsByTypeId;
    std::map<MessageTypeId, std::vector<ComponentTypeId> > m_LocalMessageSubscriptions;
    std::map<MessageTypeId, std::vector<ComponentTypeId> > m_GlobalMessageSubscriptions;
    std::map<std::string, ComponentTypeId> m_ComponentTypeIdsByName;
    std::map<std::string, MessageTypeId> m_MessageTypeIdsByName;
    std::map<MessageTypeId, std::string> m_MessageTypeNamesById;
    std::map<std::string, InterfaceId> m_InterfaceIdsByName;

    std::map<entity_id_t, SEntityComponentCache*> m_ComponentCaches;

    // TODO: maintaining both ComponentsBy* is nasty; can we get rid of one,
    // while keeping QueryInterface and PostMessage sufficiently efficient?

    std::vector<entity_id_t> m_DestructionQueue;

    ComponentTypeId m_NextScriptComponentTypeId;
    entity_id_t m_NextEntityId;
    entity_id_t m_NextLocalEntityId;

    boost::rand48 m_RNG;

    friend class TestComponentManager;
};

#endif // INCLUDED_COMPONENTMANAGER