Profiler2.h

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/* Copyright (c) 2011 Wildfire Games
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 * New profiler (complementing the older CProfileManager)
 * 
 * The profiler is designed for analysing framerate fluctuations or glitches,
 * and temporal relationships between threads.
 * This contrasts with CProfilerManager and most external profiling tools,
 * which are designed more for measuring average throughput over a number of
 * frames.
 * 
 * To view the profiler output, press F11 to enable the HTTP output mode
 * and then open source/tools/profiler2/profiler2.html in a web browser.
 * 
 * There is a single global CProfiler2 instance (g_Profiler2),
 * providing the API used by the rest of the game.
 * The game can record the entry/exit timings of a region of code
 * using the PROFILE2 macro, and can record other events using
 * PROFILE2_EVENT.
 * Regions and events can be annotated with arbitrary string attributes,
 * specified with printf-style format strings, using PROFILE2_ATTR
 * (e.g. PROFILE2_ATTR("frame: %d", m_FrameNum) ).
 * 
 * This is designed for relatively coarse-grained profiling, or for rare events.
 * Don't use it for regions that are typically less than ~0.1msecs, or that are
 * called hundreds of times per frame. (The old CProfilerManager is better
 * for that.)
 * 
 * New threads must call g_Profiler2.RegisterCurrentThread before any other
 * profiler functions.
 * 
 * The main thread should call g_Profiler2.RecordFrameStart at the start of
 * each frame.
 * Other threads should call g_Profiler2.RecordSyncMarker occasionally,
 * especially if it's been a long time since their last call to the profiler,
 * or if they've made thousands of calls since the last sync marker.
 * 
 * The profiler is implemented with thread-local fixed-size ring buffers,
 * which store a sequence of variable-length items indicating the time
 * of the event and associated data (pointers to names, attribute strings, etc).
 * An HTTP server provides access to the data: when requested, it will make
 * a copy of a thread's buffer, then parse the items and return them in JSON
 * format. The profiler2.html requests and processes and visualises this data.
 * 
 * The RecordSyncMarker calls are necessary to correct for time drift and to
 * let the buffer parser accurately detect the start of an item in the byte stream.
 * 
 * This design aims to minimise the performance overhead of recording data,
 * and to simplify the visualisation of the data by doing it externally in an
 * environment with better UI tools (i.e. HTML) instead of within the game engine.
 * 
 * The initial setup of g_Profiler2 must happen in the game's main thread.
 * RegisterCurrentThread and the Record functions may be called from any thread.
 * The HTTP server runs its own threads, which may call the ConstructJSON functions.
 */

#ifndef INCLUDED_PROFILER2
#define INCLUDED_PROFILER2

#include "lib/timer.h"
#include "ps/ThreadUtil.h"

struct mg_context;

// Note: Lots of functions are defined inline, to hypothetically
// minimise performance overhead.

class CProfiler2GPU;

class CProfiler2
{
    friend class CProfiler2GPU_base;

public:
    // Items stored in the buffers:

    /// Item type identifiers
    enum EItem
    {
        ITEM_NOP = 0,
        ITEM_SYNC = 1, // magic value used for parse syncing
        ITEM_EVENT = 2, // single event
        ITEM_ENTER = 3, // entering a region
        ITEM_LEAVE = 4, // leaving a region (must be correctly nested)
        ITEM_ATTRIBUTE = 5, // arbitrary string associated with current region, or latest event (if the previous item was an event)
    };

    static const size_t MAX_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH = 256; // includes null terminator, which isn't stored

    /// An arbitrary number to help resyncing with the item stream when parsing.
    static const u8 RESYNC_MAGIC[8];
    
    /**
     * An item with a relative time and an ID string pointer.
     */
    struct SItem_dt_id
    {
        float dt; // time relative to last event
        const char* id;
    };

private:
    // TODO: what's a good size?
    // TODO: different threads might want different sizes
    static const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 1024*1024;

    /**
     * Class instantiated in every registered thread.
     */
    class ThreadStorage
    {
        NONCOPYABLE(ThreadStorage);
    public:
        ThreadStorage(CProfiler2& profiler, const std::string& name);
        ~ThreadStorage();
    
        void RecordSyncMarker(double t)
        {
            // Store the magic string followed by the absolute time
            // (to correct for drift caused by the precision of relative
            // times stored in other items)
            u8 buffer[sizeof(RESYNC_MAGIC) + sizeof(t)];
            memcpy(buffer, &RESYNC_MAGIC, sizeof(RESYNC_MAGIC));
            memcpy(buffer + sizeof(RESYNC_MAGIC), &t, sizeof(t));
            Write(ITEM_SYNC, buffer, ARRAY_SIZE(buffer));
            m_LastTime = t;
        }

        void Record(EItem type, double t, const char* id)
        {
            // Store a relative time instead of absolute, so we can use floats
            // (to save memory) without suffering from precision problems
            SItem_dt_id item = { (float)(t - m_LastTime), id };
            Write(type, &item, sizeof(item));
            m_LastTime = t;
        }

        void RecordFrameStart(double t)
        {
            RecordSyncMarker(t);
            Record(ITEM_EVENT, t, "__framestart"); // magic string recognised by the visualiser
        }

        void RecordAttribute(const char* fmt, va_list argp) VPRINTF_ARGS(2);
        
        void RecordAttributePrintf(const char* fmt, ...) PRINTF_ARGS(2)
        {
            va_list argp;
            va_start(argp, fmt);
            RecordAttribute(fmt, argp);
            va_end(argp);
        }

        CProfiler2& GetProfiler()
        {
            return m_Profiler;
        }

        const std::string& GetName()
        {
            return m_Name;
        }

        /**
         * Returns a copy of a subset of the thread's buffer.
         * Not guaranteed to start on an item boundary.
         * May be called by any thread.
         */
        std::string GetBuffer();

    private:
        /**
         * Store an item into the buffer.
         */
        void Write(EItem type, const void* item, u32 itemSize)
        {
            // See m_BufferPos0 etc for comments on synchronisation

            u32 size = 1 + itemSize;
            u32 start = m_BufferPos0;
            if (start + size > BUFFER_SIZE)
            {
                // The remainder of the buffer is too small - fill the rest
                // with NOPs then start from offset 0, so we don't have to
                // bother splitting the real item across the end of the buffer

                m_BufferPos0 = size;
                COMPILER_FENCE; // must write m_BufferPos0 before m_Buffer

                memset(m_Buffer + start, 0, BUFFER_SIZE - start);
                start = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                m_BufferPos0 = start + size;
                COMPILER_FENCE; // must write m_BufferPos0 before m_Buffer
            }

            m_Buffer[start] = (u8)type;
            memcpy(&m_Buffer[start + 1], item, itemSize);
            
            COMPILER_FENCE; // must write m_BufferPos1 after m_Buffer
            m_BufferPos1 = start + size;
        }

        CProfiler2& m_Profiler;
        std::string m_Name;

        double m_LastTime; // used for computing relative times

        u8* m_Buffer;

        // To allow hopefully-safe reading of the buffer from a separate thread,
        // without any expensive synchronisation in the recording thread,
        // two copies of the current buffer write position are stored.
        // BufferPos0 is updated before writing; BufferPos1 is updated after writing.
        // GetBuffer can read Pos1, copy the buffer, read Pos0, then assume any bytes
        // outside the range Pos1 <= x < Pos0 are safe to use. (Any in that range might
        // be half-written and corrupted.) (All ranges are modulo BUFFER_SIZE.)
        // Outside of Write(), these will always be equal.
        // 
        // TODO: does this attempt at synchronisation (plus use of COMPILER_FENCE etc)
        // actually work in practice?
        u32 m_BufferPos0;
        u32 m_BufferPos1;
    };

public:
    CProfiler2();
    ~CProfiler2();

    /**
     * Call in main thread to set up the profiler,
     * before calling any other profiler functions.
     */
    void Initialise();

    /**
     * Call in main thread to enable the HTTP server.
     * (Disabled by default for security and performance
     * and to avoid annoying a firewall.)
     */
    void EnableHTTP();

    /**
     * Call in main thread to enable the GPU profiling support,
     * after OpenGL has been initialised.
     */
    void EnableGPU();

    /**
     * Call in main thread to shut down the GPU profiling support,
     * before shutting down OpenGL.
     */
    void ShutdownGPU();

    /**
     * Call in main thread to shut everything down.
     * All other profiled threads should have been terminated already.
     */
    void Shutdown();

    /**
     * Call in any thread to enable the profiler in that thread.
     * @p name should be unique, and is used by the visualiser to identify
     * this thread.
     */
    void RegisterCurrentThread(const std::string& name);

    /**
     * Non-main threads should call this occasionally,
     * especially if it's been a long time since their last call to the profiler,
     * or if they've made thousands of calls since the last sync marker.
     */
    void RecordSyncMarker()
    {
        GetThreadStorage().RecordSyncMarker(GetTime());
    }

    /**
     * Call in main thread at the start of a frame.
     */
    void RecordFrameStart()
    {
        ENSURE(ThreadUtil::IsMainThread());
        GetThreadStorage().RecordFrameStart(GetTime());
    }

    void RecordEvent(const char* id)
    {
        GetThreadStorage().Record(ITEM_EVENT, GetTime(), id);
    }

    void RecordRegionEnter(const char* id)
    {
        GetThreadStorage().Record(ITEM_ENTER, GetTime(), id);
    }

    void RecordRegionLeave(const char* id)
    {
        GetThreadStorage().Record(ITEM_LEAVE, GetTime(), id);
    }

    void RecordAttribute(const char* fmt, ...) PRINTF_ARGS(2)
    {
        va_list argp;
        va_start(argp, fmt);
        GetThreadStorage().RecordAttribute(fmt, argp);
        va_end(argp);
    }

    void RecordGPUFrameStart();
    void RecordGPUFrameEnd();
    void RecordGPURegionEnter(const char* id);
    void RecordGPURegionLeave(const char* id);

    /**
     * Call in any thread to produce a JSON representation of the general
     * state of the application.
     */
    void ConstructJSONOverview(std::ostream& stream);

    /**
     * Call in any thread to produce a JSON representation of the buffer
     * for a given thread.
     * Returns NULL on success, or an error string.
     */
    const char* ConstructJSONResponse(std::ostream& stream, const std::string& thread);

    /**
     * Call in any thread to save a JSONP representation of the buffers
     * for all threads, to a file named profile2.jsonp in the logs directory.
     */
    void SaveToFile();

    double GetTime()
    {
        return timer_Time();
    }

    int GetFrameNumber()
    {
        return m_FrameNumber;
    }

    void IncrementFrameNumber()
    {
        ++m_FrameNumber;
    }

    void AddThreadStorage(ThreadStorage* storage);
    void RemoveThreadStorage(ThreadStorage* storage);

private:
    void InitialiseGPU();

    static void TLSDtor(void* data);

    ThreadStorage& GetThreadStorage()
    {
        ThreadStorage* storage = (ThreadStorage*)pthread_getspecific(m_TLS);
        ASSERT(storage);
        return *storage;
    }

    bool m_Initialised;

    int m_FrameNumber;
    
    mg_context* m_MgContext;
    
    pthread_key_t m_TLS;

    CProfiler2GPU* m_GPU;

    CMutex m_Mutex;
    std::vector<ThreadStorage*> m_Threads; // thread-safe; protected by m_Mutex
};

extern CProfiler2 g_Profiler2;

/**
 * Scope-based enter/leave helper.
 */
class CProfile2Region
{
public:
    CProfile2Region(const char* name) : m_Name(name)
    {
        g_Profiler2.RecordRegionEnter(m_Name);
    }
    ~CProfile2Region()
    {
        g_Profiler2.RecordRegionLeave(m_Name);
    }
private:
    const char* m_Name;
};

/**
 * Scope-based GPU enter/leave helper.
 */
class CProfile2GPURegion
{
public:
    CProfile2GPURegion(const char* name) : m_Name(name)
    {
        g_Profiler2.RecordGPURegionEnter(m_Name);
    }
    ~CProfile2GPURegion()
    {
        g_Profiler2.RecordGPURegionLeave(m_Name);
    }
private:
    const char* m_Name;
};

/**
 * Starts timing from now until the end of the current scope.
 * @p region is the name to associate with this region (should be
 * a constant string literal; the pointer must remain valid forever).
 * Regions may be nested, but preferably shouldn't be nested deeply since
 * it hurts the visualisation.
 */
#define PROFILE2(region) CProfile2Region profile2__(region)

#define PROFILE2_GPU(region) CProfile2GPURegion profile2gpu__(region)

/**
 * Record the named event at the current time.
 */
#define PROFILE2_EVENT(name) g_Profiler2.RecordEvent(name)

/**
 * Associates a string (with printf-style formatting) with the current
 * region or event.
 * (If the last profiler call was PROFILE2_EVENT, it associates with that
 * event; otherwise it associates with the currently-active region.)
 */
#define PROFILE2_ATTR g_Profiler2.RecordAttribute

#endif // INCLUDED_PROFILER2